Low-density lipoprotein A form of cholesterol that circulates in the blood. Commonly called “bad” cholesterol. Weight control: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight by eating well and getting regular physical activity. Very-low calorie diet: A person following a VLCD eats or drinks a commercially prepared formula that has 800 calories or less instead of eating food. Protein One of the three nutrients that provides calories to the body. Bariatric surgery Surgery on the stomach and/or intestines to help the patient with extreme obesity lose weight. Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss method used for people who have a body mass index BMI above 40. Bioelectrical impedance analysis A way to estimate the amount of body weight that is fat and nonfat. Nonfat weight comes from bone muscle body water organs and other body tissues. BIA works by measuring how difficult it is for a harmless electrical current to move through the body. Saturated fat: A fat that is solid at room temperature. Fats that are in foods are combinations of monounsaturated polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Saturated fat is found in high-fat dairy products like cheese whole milk cream butter and regular ice cream fatty fresh and processed meats the skin and fat of chicken and turkey lard palm oil and coconut oil. Carbohydrate A major source of energy in the diet. There are two kinds of carbohydrates simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Weight-cycle: Losing and gaining weight over and over again. Commonly called yo-yo dieting. Pancreas A gland that makes enzymes that help the body break down and use nutrients in food.